Target-Language Generation in Multilingual Models: Activation Steering and Optimal Control
Published 16 Sept 2026arXiv:2609.16967
Updated 11 h ago · first seen 16 Sept 2026
paper_01M2MD8SJRNG8YG13K8S13WGBZ
Abstract
Ensuring that multilingual language models generate coherent text in a specific target language is a major issue in multilingual language modeling. We develop an optimal control method for target-language text generation as well as a framework for evaluating the quality of generated text in terms of language adherence, linguistic coherence, and semantic coherence. We find that the proposed method performs at least as well as the prominent difference-in-means activation steering method for the majority of models tested, with substantially less hyperparameter tuning required.
Organizations
Organizations 0
No organization stated. arXiv metadata does not carry affiliations; an organization is linked only when a model card or lab page cites the paper.
Models
Models introduced or described 0
Inbound described_by relations from model cards and documentation.
No model links this paper yet
Datasets
Datasets used 0
No dataset relation recorded.
Benchmarks
Benchmarks used 0
No benchmark relation recorded.
Code
Repositories & frameworks 0
No repository linked.
Timeline
Timeline 1
- New paperPaperTarget-Language Generation in Multilingual Models: Activation Steering and Optimal Control
New paper: Target-Language Generation in Multilingual Models: Activation Steering and Optimal Control
arxiv
Sources
Sources 1
Tier 1 = official/primary, 2 = quality secondary, 3 = community, 4 = unverified. Every snapshot is archived; see all sources and the methodology.