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Recursive Code World Models: Building Complex Worlds through Recursive Scene Programs

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Updated 23 min ago · first seen 11 Sept 2026

paper_01M294H25D82XEC7NMKJXGVB8Z

Published: 11 Sept 2026; T1 · 2 h ago
arXiv: 2609.11499; T1 · 2 h ago
Category: cs.CV; T1 · 2 h ago

Abstract

Code world models represent worlds as executable programs, but this representation alone does not determine how to construct a complex world. We introduce Recursive Code World Models (RCWM), a framework for reconstructing complex 3D worlds in code from a single reference image. RCWM couples a Recursive Scene Program (RSP) representation with a construction solver that recursively calls itself. An RSP represents the executable world as compositional scene code, while each solver call follows the same complete process: establish the whole, recursively reconstruct unresolved parts, and revisit the whole to refine their composition. This global-local-global recursion gives fine-scale structures their own perception-and-editing loops while preserving scene-wide geometry and relationships. Reference-aligned views propagate a shared camera projection across levels, while parent revisitation addresses boundaries, spatial relations, and shared errors that emerge after local refinement. A vision-language coding agent directly compares reference images with scene renders to guide refinement, recursive descent, and return. Across complex scenes, RCWM outperforms prior code-based image-to-scene reconstruction methods. Ablation studies further support the benefits of recursive construction and suggest that deeper calls can improve finer-scale reconstruction. RCWM provides a recursive construction principle for building complex executable worlds from visual evidence.

Authors 3

Zhiqi Li, Yuxuan Liao, Bo Zhu

Specification

Official page: arxiv.org/abs/2609.11499
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
Arxiv announce type: new
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
arXiv id: 2609.11499
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
Categories: cs.CV
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
Hf paper url: https://huggingface.co/papers/2609.11499
Source:Hugging Face Hub (public pages, model cards, papers)T2observed 2 h agomedium
Hf comments: 0
Source:Hugging Face Hub (public pages, model cards, papers)T2observed 23 min agomedium
Upvotes: 7
Source:Hugging Face Hub (public pages, model cards, papers)T2observed 23 min agomedium
PDF: arxiv.org/pdf/2609.11499
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
Primary category: cs.CV
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
Published: 11 Sept 2026
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh

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T1T29 / 3

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23 min ago

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3 flagged

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Value	Valid from → to	Status	Source	Confidence	Extractor
https://huggingface.co/papers/2609.11499	11 Sept 2026 21:10 UTC → current	current	Hugging Face Hub (public pages, model cards, papers)T2	medium	deterministic

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Source	Document	Type	Tier	Last observed	Snapshots
arXiv (Atom API + RSS)	rss.arxiv.org/rss/cs.CV	feed	T1· Official	31 min ago	1
Hugging Face Hub (public pages, model cards, papers)	huggingface.co/papers	listing	T2· Quality secondary	23 min ago	3

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