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Phases in a class of associative memories via hidden neurons

arxiv.org/abs/2609.10976

Updated 15 min ago · first seen 11 Sept 2026

paper_01M294FNXBJ0Y1QGEE8CDSQCZE

Published
11 Sept 2026
T1 · 15 min ago
arXiv
2609.10976
T1 · 15 min ago
Category
cs.LG
T1 · 15 min ago

Abstract

Associative memory in the Hopfield network is attractor dynamics in a disordered many-body system, and higher-order and exponential extensions turn its retrieval update into softmax attention. The polynomial and exponential regimes have been analyzed by different methods, with no common architecture in which to ask what fixes the storage scale. In this paper we study the bipartite architecture of Krotov and Hopfield, which we call the class $H$, whose model is fixed by a Lagrangian for each layer, taking the hidden neurons as the order parameter of retrieval. At polynomial load the replica method yields the replica-symmetric phase diagrams and closed-form capacities, and the crosstalk moment is common to Ising and spherical visible neurons, so their differences come from the visible entropy. With a softmax hidden layer the load is exponential, and a copy representation maps the thermodynamics onto random-energy-model counting, with paramagnetic, condensed, and frozen phases. Heating destabilizes retrieval by quantized reassignments of attention, and typical Gaussian patterns remain metastable at every load. The regimes differ in their crosstalk statistics, central-limit at polynomial load and large-deviation at exponential load, and the class $H$ splits retrieval into two roles, the visible Lagrangian fixing stability and the hidden one the storage scale, two axes that may also guide the design of new Lagrangians.

Authors 2

Toshihiro Ota, Masato Taki

Specification

Official page

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 15 min agohigh

Arxiv announce type
new

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 15 min agohigh

arXiv id
2609.10976

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 15 min agohigh

Categories
cs.LG, cond-mat.dis-nn, cs.NE, stat.ML

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 15 min agohigh

PDF

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 15 min agohigh

Primary category
cs.LG

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 15 min agohigh

Published
11 Sept 2026

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 15 min agohigh

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Provenance

Attributed facts

9

Source tiers

T19

Freshest observation

15 min ago

Conflicts

None