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Distributed Physical Layer Authentication and Collaborative RSMA in Non-Terrestrial Networks via Graph Reinforcement Learning

arxiv.org/abs/2609.09475

Updated 51 min ago · first seen 11 Sept 2026

paper_01M294GM6YQ0B1DJV88PH8EEFS

Published
11 Sept 2026
T1 · 51 min ago
arXiv
2609.09475
T1 · 51 min ago
Category
eess.SP
T1 · 51 min ago

Abstract

Existing physical-layer authentication (PLA) schemes for non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) often rely on single-anchor verification, lack joint authentication-transmission design, and ignore tag privacy leakage under eavesdropping. In this paper, we consider passive, location-aware, static eavesdroppers without access to legitimate channel state information (CSI). Under this threat model, we propose secure adaptive federated authentication for multi-zone NTN systems (SAFA-MZ) that maximizes secrecy spectral efficiency (SSE) while ensuring authentication reliability, power limits, and coverage constraints. The main idea is to embed group-level authentication tags into a collaborative multi-layer rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) transmission structure. Private and common signals are jointly beamformed, artificial noise (AN) is used to reduce information leakage, and group differential privacy (GDP) protects tag information against inference attacks. In addition, users are grouped by semantic priority to allocate SSE based on information importance. We formulate a joint SSE maximization problem under authentication reliability and probabilistic secrecy constraints, optimizing high-altitude platform station (HAPS) placement, user association, and RSMA power allocation. The resulting problem is solved using a repair-based cross-entropy method (RCEM) and a graph-aware advantage actor-critic algorithm (GA2C). RCEM scales quadratically with the number of users, while GA2C scales linearly and achieves scalable, low-latency inference. Simulation results under both colluding and non-colluding eavesdroppers show that the proposed method improves average SSE by up to 135% over single-connect transmission and 21% over the scheme without AN. These results confirm SAFA-MZ offers a scalable and secure solution for dynamic NTN environments.

Authors 5

Parsa Rajabi, Mohammad Mirzaee, Mohammad Reza Abedi, Nader Mokari, Paeiz Azmi

Specification

Official page

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 51 min agohigh

Arxiv announce type
cross

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 51 min agohigh

arXiv id
2609.09475

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 51 min agohigh

Categories
eess.SP, cs.AI, cs.SY, eess.SY

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 51 min agohigh

PDF

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 51 min agohigh

Primary category
eess.SP

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 51 min agohigh

Published
11 Sept 2026

Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 51 min agohigh

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Provenance

Attributed facts

9

Source tiers

T19

Freshest observation

51 min ago

Conflicts

None