Efficient Adaptation of LLMs for Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languages: A Comparative Study on Roman Urdu — Paper

Abstract

-cross Abstract: It is challenging to detect hate speech in Low Resource Languages (LRLs) because of the absence of annotated data, the informality of its language structure, and the lack of standardized grammar. A good example of such a challenge is Roman Urdu which is broadly used by South Asians on social media and has a high variation while lacking contextually consistent spellings. The objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Hate Speech Detection (HSD) in Roman Urdu script and fine-tune these models using the Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method called Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA). To evaluate zero-shot inference, we benchmarked it against PEFT on different transformer models, including Mistral, LLaMA, Falcon, and multilingual BERT. Experiments are conducted on the PURUTT (Parallel Urdu and Roman Urdu Corpus for Toxic Comments and Transliteration) dataset with over 72,000 annotated comments. The results suggest that zero shot models perform moderately (F1 = 0.56), but updating a small fraction of the model trainable parameters improves the classification performance significantly (F1 > 0.93). Our results have shown that PEFT delivers outstanding performance alongside excellent computational efficiency, making it highly suitable for low-resource language processing tasks.

Authors 5

Toneema Zubair, Muhammad Junaid Asif, Faisal Kamiran, Hafiz Hassan Saeed, Rana Fayyaz Ahmad

Specification

Official page: arxiv.org/abs/2608.18142
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
Arxiv announce type: replace
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
arXiv id: 2608.18142
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
Categories: cs.AI, cs.CL
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
PDF: arxiv.org/pdf/2608.18142
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
Primary category: cs.AI
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh
Published: 11 Sept 2026
Source:arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1observed 2 h agohigh

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T19

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2 h ago

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Authors: Toneema Zubair, Muhammad Junaid Asif, Faisal Kamiran

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Value	Valid from → to	Status	Source	Confidence	Extractor
cs.AI, cs.CL	11 Sept 2026 21:03 UTC → current	current	arXiv (Atom API + RSS)T1	high	deterministic

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11 Sept 2026
New paperPaperEfficient Adaptation of LLMs for Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languages: A Comparative Study on Roman Urdu
New paper: Efficient Adaptation of LLMs for Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languages: A Comparative Study on Roman Urdu
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arXiv (Atom API + RSS)	rss.arxiv.org/rss/cs.CL	feed	T1· Official	40 min ago	1

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